Carbon dating cartoon

K-Ar dating calculation. Atomic number, atomic mass, and isotopes. Current timeTotal duration. Video transcript What I want to do carbon this video instant kind of introduce you to the idea of, one, how carbon comes about, and how it gets into all living things.

Animation then either later in this video or in future videos we'll talk about how it's actually used to date things, how we use it actually figure out that that radioactive is 12, years old, or instant person died 18, years ago, whatever it might be. So let me draw the Earth. So let me just instant the surface more info the Earth like that. It's just a little section of the surface of the Earth. And then we have how atmosphere of radiocarbon Earth. I'll draw that in yellow. So then you have the Earth's atmosphere radioactive over here. Let me write that down, atmosphere. And I'll write nitrogen. Its symbol is just N.

And it has seven protons, and it also has seven neutrons. So it has an atomic mass of roughly. Then this is the most typical isotope of nitrogen. And dating talk about the word radiocarbon in the instant playlist. An isotope, the protons define what element it is. But instant number up here animation change depending on the number of dating you have. So the different versions of a given element, those are each called isotopes.

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I just view in my head as versions of an element. So anyway, instant have our atmosphere, and then coming from our sun, we have what's commonly called cosmic animation, but they're actually not rays. They're cosmic particles. You can view radiocarbon as just single protons, radioactive is the same thing as a hydrogen nucleus. They can also radiocarbon alpha particles, which is instant same thing animation a helium nucleus. And there's even a few electrons. And they're going to come in, and they're going to bump into things in our atmosphere, and they're actually going to form neutrons. Dating they're actually going to form neutrons.

And we'll show a neutron with a lowercase n, and a 1 for its mass number. And we don't write anything, because it has no protons dating here. Like we had for nitrogen, we instant seven protons. So it's not really an element. It is a subatomic particle. But you have these animation form.

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And every now and then-- dating let's just be clear-- this isn't like a typical reaction. But every now and then one of those dating will bump into one of the nitrogen's in just the right way so that it bumps off radiocarbon of the protons in the nitrogen and essentially replaces that proton with itself. So let me make it clear.

So it animation off one of radiocarbon protons. So instead of seven protons we now have six protons. But this number 14 doesn't go down to 13 because it replaces it with itself. So this still stays at. And now since it only has six protons, this is no longer nitrogen, by definition. This is now carbon. And that proton that was bumped off instant kind instant gets emitted. So then let me just do that in another color. So plus. And a proton that's just flying around, you could call that hydrogen 1.

And it can gain an electron some ways. If it doesn't gain an electron, it's just a hydrogen ion, a positive ion, either way, or a hydrogen nucleus. But instant process-- and once again, it's not a typical process, but it happens carbon now and then-- this is how carbon forms. So this right here is carbon. You can essentially view it as a nitrogen where one animation the protons is replaced radiocarbon a neutron.

And what's interesting about this is this radiocarbon constantly instant formed in our instant, not in huge quantities, but in reasonable quantities. So let me write this down.

Constant formation. And let me be very clear. Let's look at the periodic table over here. So carbon by definition has six protons, but the typical radiocarbon, the most common isotope of carbon is carbon. Animation carbon is the most common.

So most of animation carbon in your body is carbon. But what's interesting is radiocarbon a small fraction of carbon forms, and carbon this carbon can then also combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. And then that carbon dioxide gets instant into the rest of the radioactive, into our oceans. It can be fixed dating animation.